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Muslim Contributions to Chemistry & the Scientific Method
Ibn Jabir
Al-Razi
Al-Kindi
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Contributions:
Developed laboratory equipment such as the alembic, retort, double boiler, and scales for measuring small particles.
Developed distillation, crystallization, sublimation, calcination processes
Discovered hydrochloric, nitric acids, and citric acid
Isolated the elements: arsenic, bismuth, and sulfur.
Described a classification system for substances
Believed that mass was made of atomic particles.
Developed a way to weigh and measure small particles.
Made soaps and perfumes
Findings were used to improve the manufacturing of steel and other metals to prevent rust, water proofing, develop fuels, and make inks.
The word "
gibberish,
"
comes from his name because he often wrote in code.
Sometimes referred to as the Father of Modern Chemistry or Chemical Engineering.
Contributions:
Developed laboratory equipments such as mortar and pestles, spatulas, flasks, beakers, and other glass vessels.
Recognized the toxicity of arsenic and mercurial ointments to treat skin ailments.
Added categories of substances to include boraces, atroments, and salts.
Introduced an atomic theory that posed that there were spaces between atoms.
Systemized laboratory practices and techniques.
Described the salinity and inflammablity of substances.
Regarded by some as the father of pharmacology.
Contributions:
Translated the works of Greek philosophers and continued their debates.
Insisted on the use of the scientific method.
Developed recipes for perfumes.
Described the effects of compounded substances for medication.
Described the effects of various dosages of medications.
Recognized that air particles are made of atoms.
Muslim Contributions to Navigation and Discovery